1. Introduction: Göcek’s Ecological Position
Göcek is a multi-layered biological basin where pine forests, maquis communities, rocky habitats, and bay ecosystems converge. The coexistence of terrestrial, marine, and semi-wetland habitats in the same geography makes the region one of Turkey’s richest ecosystems.
2. Vegetation (Flora)
Tree Species:
- Turkish Pine (Pinus brutia)
- Stone Pine
- Oak species
- Olive and Carob
Maquis Species:
- Laurel
- Strawberry Tree
- Oleander
- Myrtle
- Sage species
Endemic Species:
- Anatolian Sage
- Lycian Orchid varieties
- Alyssum caricum
- Stachys iberica subspecies
3. Terrestrial Fauna
Mammals:
- Wild Goat
- Fox
- Badger
- Wild Boar
- Hedgehog
- Red Squirrel
Reptiles:
- Mediterranean Chameleon
- Green Lizard
- Yellow Snake
- Cat-eyed Snake
4. Bird Diversity
Raptors:
- Hawk
- Golden Eagle
- Sparrowhawk
Forest Birds:
- Woodpecker species
- Finch species
- Jay
Sea Birds:
- Cormorant
- Heron species
- Shearwater
5. Marine Ecosystem
Fish Species:
- Grouper
- Dusky Grouper
- Gilt-head Bream
- Sea Bass
- Red Mullet
- Red Coral Fish
- Dentex
- Weever Fish
Invertebrates:
- Octopus
- Cuttlefish
- Shrimp species
- Sea Urchin
Protected Species:
- Loggerhead Turtle (Caretta caretta)
- Dolphin species
6. Ecological Threats
- Boat traffic and noise
- Light pollution in bays
- Climate change and temperature rise
- Coastal construction
- Waste and microplastic accumulation
7. Conservation Principles
- Leave No Trace
- Boat waste management
- Reducing light and noise pollution
- Avoid disturbing the underwater ecosystem
- Be cautious of forest fire risks
8. Final Assessment
Göcek hosts a unique biological mosaic stretching from underwater habitats to mountain slopes. When properly managed, this richness can be preserved as a sustainable natural heritage for future generations.
